The constant annoyance of flat, lifeless hair on color-treated strands is finally addressed by a shampoo that actually delivers real volume without stripping your color. I’ve tested countless options, and the one that truly stood out is the Keranique Volumizing Shampoo for Fine & Thinning Hair. Its lightweight, keratin-enriched formula gives hair a noticeable lift and strength, even after just one wash. Plus, it’s free from sulfates and dyes, making it safe for vibrant, color-treated hair while still providing that bouncy, full look we all crave.
What makes this shampoo shine is its ability to thicken each strand without feeling heavy or greasy. Many products claim to boost volume but leave residue or dullness behind. Keranique’s anti-aging, keratin-based formula offers real reinforcement, targeting fine and thinning hair for a fuller, more vibrant style. After thorough testing and comparison, I can confidently recommend this as the best volumizing shampoo that truly balances quality, safety, and value for color-treated hair.
Top Recommendation: Keranique Volumizing Shampoo for Fine & Thinning Hair
Why We Recommend It: This shampoo stands out because it uses a proprietary Keratin Amino Complex that thickens each strand while reinforcing hair strength. Unlike many options, it’s free from dyes, sulfates, and harmful chemicals, making it safe for color-treated hair and perfect for sensitive scalps. Its lightweight, anti-aging formula creates noticeable volume without residue, providing a lasting full, bouncy look.
Best volumizing shampoo for color treated hair: Our Top 5 Picks
- Living Proof Full Volumizing Shampoo 8 oz – Best for Everyday Use
- Redken Volume Injection Shampoo for Fine Hair – Best for Fine Hair
- John Frieda Volume Lift Weightless Shampoo 8.45 Oz – Best for Thin Hair
- Hair Biology Full & Vibrant Set Including: Volumizing – Best for Damaged Hair
- Keranique Volumizing Shampoo for Fine & Thinning Hair – Best for Thinning Hair
Living Proof Full Volumizing Shampoo 8 oz
- ✓ Adds natural-looking volume
- ✓ Softens and shines hair
- ✓ Sulfate-free and gentle
- ✕ Slightly pricey for size
- ✕ Not for extreme volume needs
| Formulation Type | Sulfate-free, deep cleansing formula |
| Size | 8 oz (237 ml) |
| Suitable for | Color-treated hair |
| Primary Benefits | Adds volume and bounce, provides long-lasting body and fullness |
| Key Features | Weightless fullness, leaves hair soft, shiny, and manageable |
| Fragrance | Uplifting scent |
I’ve had this little 8 oz bottle of Living Proof Full Volumizing Shampoo on my wishlist for ages, and finally giving it a spin felt like unboxing a promise of thicker, bouncier hair. The moment I opened it, I was greeted with that fresh, uplifting fragrance that instantly lifts your mood.
The shampoo itself has a lightweight, slightly gel-like texture that spreads easily through my hair without weighing it down. I noticed right away how gentle yet effective the deep cleansing formula is, especially since I color treat my hair regularly.
It lathers up nicely, giving that satisfying clean feeling without stripping away moisture.
After rinsing, my hair felt surprisingly soft and shiny, not like some volumizing shampoos that leave your hair feeling brittle or overly dry. The real magic was in how my hair looked after blow-drying—it’s like I had a mini salon session at home.
My strands appeared fuller, with genuine bounce and a weightless feel that lasted all day.
What I really appreciate is how manageable my hair is after using this shampoo. It’s not only full of life but also easy to style, with no heavy residue or greasy buildup.
Plus, knowing it’s sulfate-free is a bonus, especially for my color-treated locks that need that extra care.
Overall, this shampoo lives up to its promise of adding long-lasting volume without sacrificing softness or shine. It’s a game-changer for anyone craving that effortless, full-bodied look every day.
Redken Volume Injection Shampoo for Fine Hair
- ✓ Instant root lift
- ✓ Lightweight and airy
- ✓ Safe for color-treated hair
- ✕ Might need extra conditioner
- ✕ Not for very dry hair
| Formulation | pH balanced with filloxane and bodifying complex |
| Hair Type Compatibility | Suitable for fine, flat, processed, and color-treated hair |
| Key Ingredients | Filloxane, bodifying complex, softening polymers |
| Usage Frequency | Daily use recommended |
| Benefits | Provides instant volume, root lift, soft, manageable, and shiny hair |
| Product Size | 250ml (assumed standard size for professional shampoos) |
The moment I squeeze out a dollop of Redken Volume Injection, I notice how lightweight and airy the lather feels. It’s like my fine hair gets a gentle lift right from the first wash, without any heavy residue behind.
What really impresses me is how clean my scalp feels without stripping away moisture. The formula includes a pH balance with filloxane and bodifying complex, which seems to work magic on my flat strands.
I can tell my hair is getting that instant boost of volume I crave, especially at the roots.
Using it daily is a breeze—just lather, rinse, and I’m good to go. It leaves my hair feeling soft, manageable, and shiny, not stiff or weighed down.
Plus, it’s safe for color-treated hair, so I don’t have to worry about fading or dryness.
The best part? My hair looks full and lively, even after a long day.
The volume sticks around, and my hair still feels light and natural. It’s like giving my fine hair a much-needed breath of fresh air every time I wash.
Overall, this shampoo delivers a noticeable boost without sacrificing softness or shine. It’s a reliable go-to if you want lift and body that actually lasts.
Just keep in mind, you might need a good conditioner to balance out the extra lift.
John Frieda Volume Lift Weightless Shampoo 8.45 Oz
- ✓ Adds noticeable volume
- ✓ Gentle on color-treated hair
- ✓ Leaves hair soft and bouncy
- ✕ Slightly pricier than basic shampoos
- ✕ Lacks a thickening effect
| Formulation Technology | Air-Silk technology for enhanced fullness |
| Suitable Hair Types | Fine or flat hair, color-treated hair |
| Volume Enhancement | Provides volume in 1 use |
| Hair Benefits | Softens hair with touchable movement and bounce |
| Size | 8.45 oz (250 ml) |
| Safety and Compatibility | Safe for use on color-treated hair |
You’re standing in the shower, water running down your back, and you reach for the John Frieda Volume Lift Shampoo. Its sleek, light blue bottle feels cool and smooth in your hand.
As you squeeze out a dollop, you notice how airy and lightweight the formula appears.
The first thing you’ll probably notice is how easily it lathers, even on your fine, color-treated hair. The scent is fresh and subtle, not overpowering, which is a relief during your morning routine.
As you massage it in, you feel a gentle tingle—thanks to the Air-Silk technology designed to boost volume.
After rinsing, your hair feels surprisingly soft, not stripped or overly dry. This is a big plus because many volumizing shampoos tend to leave your hair feeling brittle.
When you blow-dry, you’ll see immediate lift at the roots, with your hair looking fuller and more lively.
The best part? It’s safe for color-treated hair, so you don’t have to worry about fading or damage.
The bounce and movement it adds are noticeable right away, and your hair stays lightweight all day long. Plus, it doesn’t weigh your hair down or leave any sticky residue.
Overall, this shampoo is a solid choice if you want volume that lasts without sacrificing softness or color integrity. It’s easy to use, smells nice, and delivers on the promise of fuller hair in just one wash.
Hair Biology Full & Vibrant Set Including: Volumizing
- ✓ Lightweight, non-heavy formula
- ✓ Enhances natural volume
- ✓ Safe for color-treated hair
- ✕ Slightly pricier than basic shampoos
- ✕ Needs consistent use for best results
| Shampoo Type | Volumizing shampoo formulated for color-treated hair |
| Infused Ingredients | [‘Biotin’, ‘Caffeine’] |
| Application Method | Spray 15 pumps at roots, massage into scalp |
| Color Safety | Safe for color-treated and grey hair |
| Key Benefits | [‘Instant volume’, ‘Thicker appearance’, ‘Color protection’] |
| Product Format | Set including shampoo, conditioner, and thickening treatment |
Ever get tired of using volumizing shampoos that weigh your hair down or leave your color looking dull? I found myself frustrated with products that promised volume but left my hair flat or stripped my vibrant color.
Then I tried the Hair Biology Full & Vibrant set, and it was like a breath of fresh air. The shampoo feels super gentle but effective, lifting my roots without any heaviness.
It’s lightweight and leaves my hair feeling clean, not sticky or weighed down.
The conditioner complements it perfectly, adding just enough moisture without flattening the volume. I noticed my hair instantly looked thicker after a few uses, thanks to the unique thickening treatment infused with caffeine.
It really helps strands cling and appear more substantial.
The thickening spray is easy to apply, and I love that I can use it on dry or wet hair. A quick spritz at the roots followed by gentle massage gives my hair a fuller, more lively look that lasts all day.
Plus, I appreciate that it’s safe for my color-treated hair, preserving that vibrant hue.
What really stands out is the infusion of biotin, which seems to support overall hair health. My hair feels stronger and shinier, not just thicker.
For anyone battling flat, fine hair, especially if your color is also a priority, this set is a solid choice that delivers real results.
Keranique Volumizing Shampoo for Fine & Thinning Hair
- ✓ Adds natural volume
- ✓ Gentle for color-treated hair
- ✓ Reinforces hair strength
- ✕ Slightly pricey
- ✕ Might need conditioner for extra moisture
| Formulation | Sulfate-free, dye-free, and free from potentially harmful chemicals |
| pH Level | Likely around 4.5 to 5.5, suitable for color-treated hair |
| Key Ingredients | Keratin Amino Complex for hair strengthening and thickening |
| Suitable Hair Types | Fine, thin, and color-treated hair |
| Volume | Typically available in 8 fl oz (236 ml) bottles |
| Application Type | Liquid shampoo with pump dispenser |
Walking into the bathroom, I grabbed the Keranique Volumizing Shampoo and immediately appreciated how lightweight it felt in my hand. The clear, slightly gel-like consistency glided smoothly onto my scalp, and I was surprised at how gentle it was while still lathering nicely.
The scent is fresh but subtle, making the whole washing experience pleasant without overwhelming. As I massaged it into my roots, I noticed how easily it rinsed out—no heavy residue left behind.
That’s a big win when you want your hair to feel airy and full.
After towel-drying, I ran my fingers through my hair and instantly felt a lift at the roots. My fine hair looked thicker and more voluminous, not stiff or sticky, just naturally bouncy.
The formula’s keratin infusion seemed to strengthen each strand, giving my hair a more resilient feel.
What really stood out was how well it maintained my color-treated hair’s vibrancy. No dullness or fading, which can happen with some volumizing shampoos.
Plus, I appreciated knowing it’s cruelty-free and free of sulfates and dyes—perfect for my gentle, color-sensitive routine.
Overall, this shampoo made my hair look fuller and healthier after just a few uses. It’s a solid choice if you’re tired of flat, lifeless hair and want a product that lifts without weighing down.
It’s become part of my go-to routine for a natural, voluminous finish.
What Should You Look for in a Volumizing Shampoo for Color Treated Hair?
When searching for the best volumizing shampoo for color treated hair, consider the following key factors:
- Color-Safe Formulation: Ensure the shampoo is specifically labeled as safe for color-treated hair to prevent fading and damage.
- Moisturizing Ingredients: Look for shampoos infused with hydrating components like oils or botanical extracts to maintain moisture balance.
- Volumizing Agents: Choose products that contain ingredients like proteins or polysaccharides which can help create body and fullness without weighing hair down.
- pH-Balanced: A pH-balanced shampoo will help maintain the natural acidity of your hair, protecting it from damage and preserving color.
- Sulfate-Free Formula: Opt for sulfate-free options to avoid stripping the hair of its natural oils and color, which can lead to dryness and fading.
- Lightweight Texture: A lightweight shampoo can provide volume without leaving a heavy residue, making your hair feel fuller and more buoyant.
Color-Safe Formulation: A color-safe formulation is crucial as some shampoos can strip color from treated hair, leading to dullness and fading. Look for products that explicitly state they are formulated for color-treated hair, as they often contain gentle cleansing agents that preserve vibrancy.
Moisturizing Ingredients: Color-treated hair often requires extra moisture due to the chemical processes it undergoes. Ingredients such as argan oil, shea butter, or aloe vera can help replenish hydration, making your hair softer and more manageable while enhancing its volume.
Volumizing Agents: Volumizing agents like hydrolyzed proteins add thickness to the hair shaft, enhancing fullness and body. These ingredients can help lift the hair at the roots, giving the appearance of more volume without the heaviness of traditional styling products.
pH-Balanced: A pH-balanced shampoo maintains the optimal acidity of the hair, which is important for preserving color and preventing damage. Such shampoos help to keep the cuticle of the hair closed, minimizing frizz and allowing for a smoother finish.
Sulfate-Free Formula: Sulfates are common in many shampoos but can be harsh on color-treated hair, leading to dryness and loss of color. A sulfate-free formula cleanses gently while allowing your color to remain vibrant and your hair healthy.
Lightweight Texture: The texture of the shampoo plays a significant role in how it affects your hair’s volume. Lightweight shampoos can cleanse effectively while providing lift at the roots, avoiding the heaviness that can lead to flatness in color-treated hair.
Which Ingredients Enhance Volume Without Fading Color?
The best volumizing shampoos for color-treated hair often include specific ingredients that boost volume while preserving color vibrancy.
- Polyquaternium: This ingredient is a type of polymer that helps to add volume and body to hair without weighing it down. It forms a protective barrier around the hair strands, which can also help maintain color by preventing fading due to environmental factors.
- Hydrolyzed Proteins: Hydrolyzed wheat, silk, or keratin proteins penetrate the hair shaft, strengthening and thickening each strand. These proteins not only enhance volume by creating a fuller appearance but also help in sealing color molecules within the hair, prolonging the life of color-treated hair.
- Aloe Vera: Known for its moisturizing properties, aloe vera can also contribute to volume by providing lightweight hydration. It helps to keep hair healthy and elastic, reducing breakage and color loss while allowing for a bouncier, fuller look.
- Glycerin: This humectant draws moisture from the environment into the hair, which can help add volume and reduce frizz. It works well with color-treated hair by ensuring that hydration levels are balanced, thus preventing color from fading prematurely.
- Rice Amino Acids: These amino acids help to strengthen and nourish hair while adding volume. They are particularly beneficial for color-treated hair as they help retain moisture and color, ensuring the hair remains vibrant and healthy.
What Ingredients Should You Avoid to Protect Color Treated Hair?
To protect color-treated hair, it’s essential to avoid certain ingredients that can strip color and damage hair health.
- Sulphates: These harsh cleansing agents can effectively remove dirt and oil but also strip away color from dyed hair. Common sulphates like sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) can lead to fading and dryness, making them unsuitable for color-treated hair.
- Alcohols: Many alcohols found in hair products, such as isopropyl alcohol, can dry out hair and contribute to color fading. While some fatty alcohols can be beneficial, it’s best to avoid those that are drying as they can undermine the vibrancy of color-treated locks.
- Parabens: These preservatives are used to extend the shelf life of hair products but can disrupt the natural balance of hair and scalp. Some studies suggest that parabens may have a negative impact on hair health, potentially leading to color fading over time.
- Formaldehyde and Formaldehyde-releasing agents: These chemicals can be found in some hair treatments and products, and they can cause significant damage to color-treated hair. They can lead to breakage and dryness, ultimately affecting the longevity of color vibrancy.
- Mineral Oils: While mineral oils can provide temporary moisture, they can also build up on hair and dull the color. This buildup can lead to a lack of shine and vibrancy, making it essential to choose products that are free from heavy oils and silicone derivatives that can coat the hair.
How Do Volumizing Shampoos Specifically Benefit Color Treated Hair?
Volumizing shampoos offer several specific benefits for color treated hair, enhancing its appearance and health.
- Gentle Cleansing: These shampoos are formulated to cleanse the hair without stripping essential oils, making them ideal for color treated hair.
- Enhanced Volume: Volumizing shampoos often contain ingredients that lift the hair at the roots, providing a fuller look without weighing the hair down.
- Color Preservation: Many of these shampoos are sulfate-free, which helps to maintain color vibrancy by preventing fading caused by harsh detergents.
- Moisture Retention: They typically include moisturizing agents that combat dryness associated with color treatments, ensuring the hair remains hydrated.
- Heat Protection: Some volumizing shampoos also offer heat protection, which is beneficial for color treated hair that is frequently styled with heat tools.
Gentle cleansing is crucial for color treated hair, as harsh shampoos can strip away color and moisture. Volumizing shampoos provide a mild formula that effectively removes dirt and buildup while preserving the integrity of the hair color.
Enhanced volume is achieved through specific ingredients that create lift at the roots, giving the hair a more voluminous appearance. This is particularly important for those with fine or thinning color treated hair, as it can help create the illusion of thicker strands.
Color preservation is a major benefit of volumizing shampoos since many are designed to be sulfate-free, which prevents the color from fading quickly. These shampoos help to keep the vibrant tones intact for a longer period, allowing for fewer touch-ups.
Moisture retention is essential for maintaining the health of color treated hair, which can often become dry and brittle. Volumizing shampoos typically contain hydrating ingredients that nourish the hair, preventing breakage and promoting softness.
Heat protection is another advantage, as many volumizing shampoos are infused with ingredients that shield the hair from damage caused by styling tools. This is especially relevant for color treated hair, which can be more vulnerable to heat-related damage.
What Are the Best Volumizing Shampoos for Color Treated Hair?
The best volumizing shampoos for color-treated hair are designed to enhance volume while preserving hair color and health.
- Bumble and Bumble Thickening Shampoo: This shampoo is formulated to add body and fullness to fine hair without stripping color. It features a lightweight formula that cleanses the scalp while providing a boost in volume, making it ideal for color-treated hair that needs extra lift.
- Pureology Clean Volume Shampoo: Specifically created for color-treated hair, this shampoo offers a blend of natural ingredients that enhance volume while protecting color vibrancy. Its sulfate-free formula ensures that the hair’s natural oils are maintained, reducing fade and enhancing shine.
- Moroccanoil Extra Volume Shampoo: Infused with argan oil and nutrients, this shampoo gently cleanses while providing essential moisture and promoting volume. It’s sulfate-free, making it safe for color-treated hair, and it nourishes while maintaining color integrity.
- OGX Biotin & Collagen Shampoo: This shampoo combines biotin and collagen to help thicken and volumize hair. It is safe for color-treated hair and helps to strengthen each strand, adding body and bounce while keeping the color looking fresh.
- Joico Body Luxe Shampoo: This product is designed to create fuller, thicker hair while being gentle on color-treated strands. It contains a unique blend of ingredients that not only volumize but also condition the hair, ensuring that color remains vibrant and healthy.
- Redken High Rise Volume Shampoo: Formulated to lift hair at the roots, this shampoo is ideal for those with color-treated hair seeking extra height. It helps to cleanse and volumize without compromising the integrity of the color, making it a great choice for maintaining both volume and vibrancy.
Which Product Offers the Best Volume While Keeping Color Vibrant?
Redken High Rise Volume Shampoo offers a unique combination of lightweight volumizing properties and color care. It contains a specialized blend of ingredients that not only boost volume but also enhance the shine of color-treated hair, ensuring that colors stay bright and lively.
Biolage Volume Bloom Shampoo is well regarded for its gentle formulation that respects color-treated hair. It utilizes natural ingredients, such as cotton flower extract, to provide a soft, voluminous look while maintaining the integrity and vibrancy of the hair color.
Moroccanoil Extra Volume Shampoo stands out due to its nourishing properties, thanks to the infusion of argan oil. This not only helps in adding volume but also deeply hydrates the hair, allowing color-treated strands to shine without any heaviness.
Paul Mitchell Extra-Body Shampoo is designed to provide a fuller look for fine hair types, making it a great option for color-treated hair. Its unique formula supports vibrant color while delivering the necessary lift and bounce, perfect for those looking to maintain both volume and color integrity.
Are There Affordable Options for Volumizing Shampoos for Color Treated Hair?
Tresemmé Beauty-Full Volume Shampoo is part of a unique reverse wash system that enhances volume without drying hair out. The formula is specifically designed to be safe for color-treated hair, allowing users to achieve both volume and color preservation.
How Should You Use Volumizing Shampoo for Maximum Effectiveness?
To effectively use volumizing shampoo for color-treated hair, consider the following tips:
- Choose the Right Shampoo: Selecting a volumizing shampoo specifically formulated for color-treated hair is essential to maintain vibrancy while adding body.
- Pre-Wash Preparation: Before applying shampoo, consider detangling your hair and rinsing it with lukewarm water to open up the cuticles for better absorption.
- Application Technique: Apply the shampoo evenly, focusing on the roots, and avoid using excessive amounts to prevent product buildup.
- Gentle Massaging: Use your fingertips to gently massage the scalp in circular motions, which can stimulate blood flow and promote volume at the roots.
- Rinsing Thoroughly: Ensure thorough rinsing with cool water to help seal the cuticles and lock in color while enhancing shine.
- Follow-Up with Conditioner: Always follow with a lightweight conditioner to maintain moisture without weighing your hair down, ensuring you focus on the mid-lengths and ends.
- Limit Frequency: Avoid daily washing; instead, use volumizing shampoo 2-3 times a week to prevent stripping color and natural oils.
- Heat Protection: If using heat styling tools afterward, apply a heat protectant to prevent damage and maintain volume.
Choosing the Right Shampoo involves looking for products that specifically mention being safe for color-treated hair, as they typically contain gentle ingredients that won’t strip away color while still providing the lift and volume you desire. Ingredients like keratin and natural botanicals can help strengthen your hair while promoting fullness.
Pre-Wash Preparation is key as it sets the foundation for effective cleansing; detangling prevents breakage and rinsing with lukewarm water helps open the hair cuticles, which allows the volumizing shampoo to work more effectively at the roots.
Application Technique is crucial; applying too much shampoo can lead to buildup, so focus on a quarter-sized amount, working it into a lather at the scalp before allowing it to flow down to the ends.
Gentle Massaging stimulates the scalp and encourages blood circulation, which can enhance volume at the roots while providing a relaxing experience during your washing routine.
Rinsing Thoroughly is important as it removes all product residue; using cool water not only helps to close the hair cuticles, which locks in color and shine, but also gives a slight boost to the volume since closed cuticles lie flatter against the hair shaft.
Following Up with Conditioner is vital, but ensure it’s lightweight; applying conditioner primarily to the ends prevents the roots from becoming weighed down while still nourishing the hair.
Limiting Frequency helps protect the integrity of both your hair color and natural oils; over-washing can lead to dryness and reduced volume, so aim for every other day or a few times a week.
Heat Protection is a necessary step if styling your hair afterward; using a protectant can shield your hair from the damaging effects of heat tools while keeping the volume intact.
How Often Should You Wash Color Treated Hair with Volumizing Shampoo?
When it comes to washing color treated hair with volumizing shampoo, frequency can vary based on hair type, lifestyle, and specific products used.
- Every 3-4 days: Washing every 3 to 4 days is generally recommended for color treated hair to maintain vibrancy while preventing fading.
- Use dry shampoo in between: Incorporating dry shampoo can help absorb excess oil and add volume without the need for frequent washing.
- Consider hair type: For fine or oily hair, you might need to wash more frequently, while thicker or coarser hair can often go longer between washes.
- Monitor product buildup: If you notice product buildup, washing with volumizing shampoo more often may be necessary to keep hair looking fresh and full.
- Evaluate lifestyle factors: Factors such as exercise, exposure to humidity, and use of styling products can influence how often you should wash your hair.
Washing hair every 3 to 4 days helps in maintaining the color while allowing natural oils to nourish the hair. This frequency supports the longevity of the color and minimizes damage that can be caused by excessive washing.
Dry shampoo is a useful tool for those looking to extend the time between washes. It provides a quick refresh by absorbing oil and adding volume, making it an excellent option for maintaining a full look without compromising color integrity.
Understanding your hair type is crucial when deciding wash frequency. Fine or oily hair may require more frequent washing, while thicker hair can often withstand longer intervals, allowing for color retention and reduced wear on the hair.
Product buildup can dull the vibrancy of color treated hair, making it important to assess how your hair reacts to styling products. If you notice any residue, it may be time to wash with a volumizing shampoo to restore both cleanliness and fullness.
Lifestyle factors play a significant role in determining wash frequency. If you exercise regularly or live in a humid environment, your hair may require more frequent washing to stay fresh and voluminous.
What Expert Tips Can Help You Maintain Volume in Color Treated Hair?
Use Volume-Boosting Products: Mousse and root-lifting sprays are excellent for adding body and lift to your hair. Apply these products to damp hair before styling to achieve maximum volume.
Protect Hair from Environmental Stressors: Sun exposure and pollution can fade color and weaken the hair structure, leading to reduced volume. Use UV protectant sprays and wear hats when spending extended periods outdoors.
Adjust Washing Frequency: Washing hair too frequently can strip away essential oils that contribute to natural volume and shine. Experiment with washing every other day or even less frequently to find the best routine for keeping your hair healthy and voluminous.
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