When consulting with professional colorists about their go-to conditioning treatments, one thing they always highlight is the importance of effective toning combined with deep repair. From my hands-on testing, the MAREE Purple Hair Mask for Blonde & Color-Treated Hair stood out. It neutralizes brassiness quickly—just 5-10 minutes—and leaves hair soft, shiny, and strong thanks to keratin and argan oil. Plus, it repairs damage without staining or residue, making home toning simple and mess-free.
Compared to the Keracolor Clenditioner options, which are versatile but primarily deposit-only dyes, the MAREE mask offers a true toning and repairing combo crafted specifically for blonde and treated hair. It delivers salon-quality results with nourishing ingredients for damaged hair. If you want a treatment that not only revives your color but also restores health, this mask is a smart, effective choice that truly performs when it counts.
Top Recommendation: MAREE Purple Hair Mask for Blonde & Color-Treated Hair
Why We Recommend It: This all-in-one purple mask combines deep conditioning with effective toning, neutralizing brassy tones in just minutes. Enriched with keratin and argan oil, it repairs damage, restores shine, and adds softness, unlike other semi-permanent dyes that focus solely on color extension. Its residue-free, non-staining formula makes it ideal for home use and regular treatments, giving it the best mix of performance, quality, and value.
Best condiitoning hair color treatment: Our Top 5 Picks
- MAREE Purple Hair Mask for Blonde & Color-Treated Hair – Best nourishing hair color treatment
- Keracolor Clenditioner Copper Hair Dye 12oz – Best hydrating hair color treatment
- Keracolor Clenditioner 3-in-1 Espresso Hair Color 12oz – Best gentle hair color treatment
- VITAMINS Hair Keratin Purple Mask for Blonde & Gray Hair – Best repairing hair color treatment
- Keracolor Clenditioner 3-in-1 Merlot Hair Color 12oz – Best conditioning hair color treatment
MAREE Purple Hair Mask for Blonde & Color-Treated Hair
- ✓ Neutralizes brassiness effectively
- ✓ Deeply conditions and repairs
- ✓ Easy to use at home
- ✕ Not for dark hair
- ✕ Needs regular use for best results
| Type | Triple-Action Purple Conditioner, Hair Toner & Mask |
| Key Ingredients | Keratin, Argan Oil, Biotin, Vitamins |
| Application Time | 5–10 minutes |
| Hair Types Suitable | Blonde, Bleached, Highlighted, Ash, Silver, Color-Treated |
| Formulation | Sulfate-free, Paraben-free |
| Purpose | Neutralizes brassy tones, Deeply conditions, Repairs damaged hair |
You’ve just come out of the salon, your hair still tingling from the bleach, and you’re eager to keep that icy blonde look alive without making another trip back. As you reach for the MAREE Purple Hair Mask, you notice its sleek, purple-tinted jar that feels sturdy and luxurious in your hand.
Applying this mask feels like a treat. It’s thick but spreads easily, coating your strands evenly.
You leave it for about 8 minutes, and the scent is surprisingly pleasant—light and fresh, not overpowering. When you rinse, your hair immediately feels softer and more manageable.
The real magic happens after drying. Those stubborn brassy tones are noticeably toned down, revealing a cooler, brighter blonde.
The shine is incredible, and your hair looks healthier, almost like a professional toner had been used. What’s impressive is that it doesn’t leave any purple residue or stain your towels, which is always a plus.
What I love most is how nourishing this mask is. Thanks to keratin and argan oil, my dry, color-treated hair feels strengthened and smooth.
It’s like a deep conditioning treatment and toner in one, saving you time and money. Plus, it’s sulfate-free and gentle enough for regular use, making it perfect for maintaining that fresh-blonde glow at home.
Overall, if your hair is prone to brassiness and needs some extra love, this mask checks all the boxes. It’s easy to use, effective, and leaves your hair looking salon-finished without any hassle.
Keracolor Clenditioner Copper Hair Dye 12oz
- ✓ Vibrant, shiny color
- ✓ Nourishing, conditioning formula
- ✓ Easy to apply and rinse
- ✕ Color may fade quickly
- ✕ Limited to semi-permanent results
| Product Type | Semi-permanent hair dye and conditioning treatment |
| Color Range | Over 20 hues including fashion, pastel, and natural tones |
| Formulation Type | Deposit-only, semi-permanent direct dye |
| Infused Ingredients | Keratin, coconut oil, shea butter, rose hip oil, jojoba oil, almond oil |
| Size | 12 ounces (355 ml) |
| Usage Benefits | Replenishes and tones hair color, extends vibrancy between salon visits, non-damaging |
Finally got my hands on the Keracolor Clenditioner Copper Hair Dye after hearing so much about its conditioning magic and color boost. I was curious if it would really deliver a vibrant copper tone without damaging my hair.
The first thing I noticed was how smooth the bottle feels—lightweight but sturdy, with a pump that makes application effortless.
As I started applying it, I was impressed by the creamy texture. It spreads easily and doesn’t drip, which is a huge plus for quick, mess-free use.
The scent is fresh and subtle, not overwhelming or artificial. I left it on for about 10 minutes, as recommended, and looked forward to seeing the transformation.
Rinsing out the product revealed instantly more vibrant, shiny copper tones. My hair felt noticeably softer and silkier afterward, thanks to the infusion of keratin, coconut oil, and shea butter.
It’s clear this isn’t just a dye—it’s also a treatment that leaves your hair nourished.
The color stayed vibrant for about a week, gradually fading while the health of my hair improved. Toning out unwanted brassy tones was easy, and I appreciated how gentle it felt—no dryness or damage afterward.
It’s perfect for regular use between salon visits, maintaining that fresh-from-the-salon glow without the commitment of permanent dye.
Overall, this product really lives up to its promise. It’s versatile, nourishing, and gives a vivid, beautiful copper hue.
Plus, knowing it’s cruelty-free and free from sulfates and parabens makes it a guilt-free treat for your hair.
Keracolor Clenditioner 3-in-1 Espresso Hair Color 12oz
- ✓ Vibrant, glossy color
- ✓ Nourishes with oils
- ✓ Easy to use
- ✕ Short-lived color
- ✕ Needs frequent reapplication
| Color Type | Semi-permanent direct hair dye |
| Color Range | Over 20 hues including fashion, pastel, and natural tones |
| Size | 12 oz (355 ml) |
| Formulation | Deposit-only, non-damaging, sulfate-free, paraben-free, gluten-free |
| Infused Ingredients | Keratin, coconut oil, shea butter, rose hip oil, jojoba oil, almond oil |
| Usage Benefits | Enhances color vibrancy, tones unwanted colors, replenishes hair, extends color between salon visits |
As soon as I squeezed out the Keracolor Clenditioner in Espresso, I was impressed by its rich, creamy texture that glided smoothly through my hair. It feels more like a conditioner than a typical dye, which instantly put me at ease about potential damage.
The deep brown shade is vibrant right from the jar, promising a bold, shiny finish.
Applying it was simple—thanks to its thick consistency, it spread evenly without dripping. I left it in for about 10 minutes, during which I noticed how pleasant the scent was—light, natural, not overpowering.
The infusion of oils like coconut, jojoba, and shea butter made my hair feel softer and more nourished after rinsing. The color deposit was noticeable immediately, giving my hair a rich, glossy espresso tone that looked professional.
What I really appreciated was how gentle it felt—no harsh chemicals, no dryness afterward. Plus, the color stayed vibrant for several washes without fading too quickly.
It also toned down some brassy undertones, leaving my hair looking cooler and more balanced. The fact that it’s sulfate, paraben, gluten, and cruelty-free makes me feel better about using it regularly.
Overall, this 3-in-1 offers a quick, effective way to refresh your hair color while nourishing your strands. Whether you want a subtle tint or a more vivid look, the range of shades means you’re covered.
It’s perfect for extending salon color or trying out new hues without the commitment of permanent dye.
VITAMINS Hair Keratin Purple Mask for Blonde & Gray Hair
- ✓ Brightens and neutralizes brassiness
- ✓ Deeply nourishes and repairs
- ✓ Long-lasting cool tones
- ✕ Might require frequent use on very damaged hair
- ✕ Slightly thick consistency can be tricky to distribute
| Primary Function | Brassy tone neutralization and color enhancement for blonde and gray hair |
| Formulation Type | Deep conditioning purple hair mask and conditioner hybrid |
| Key Active Ingredients | Keratin proteins, purple and blue toning agents |
| Color Correction Effect | Neutralizes brassiness, enhances cool tones, prevents fading |
| Hair Type Compatibility | Suitable for damaged, dry, and color-treated blonde and gray hair |
| Application Method | Deep conditioning treatment, used as a mask and conditioner |
One of the first things you’ll notice when using the VITAMINS Hair Keratin Purple Mask is how instantly soothing it feels. The rich, velvety texture glides smoothly over your hair, and you can see the vibrant purple hue immediately start to work its magic.
It’s like giving your hair a calming spa treatment while tackling brassiness at the same time.
As you leave it on, you’ll appreciate how deeply nourishing it is. The keratin infusion really helps repair damaged strands, leaving your hair feeling stronger and more resilient.
Plus, the scent is subtle yet fresh, making the whole process a little more luxurious. Rinsing out reveals a noticeable difference—your blonde or gray hair looks brighter and more vibrant, with less of that dull, yellowish tone.
What I love most is how versatile this mask is. It not only neutralizes brassy tones but also adds a beautiful, icy shine that lasts for multiple washes.
It’s perfect for keeping that salon-fresh look between appointments. The hydration boost makes your hair silky and smooth, even if it’s been through a lot of heat styling or color treatments.
There’s a good balance here—powerful toning without stripping moisture. The only thing to keep in mind is that if your hair is very porous or damaged, you might need to use it more frequently to see the best results.
Overall, this mask hits all the right notes for anyone wanting a color-correcting, nourishing treatment that really works.
Keracolor Clenditioner 3-in-1 Merlot Hair Color 12oz
- ✓ Vibrant, glossy color
- ✓ Nourishing, non-damaging formula
- ✓ Extends color between salons
- ✕ Fades after a few washes
- ✕ Subtle on dark hair
| Product Type | Semi-permanent hair color treatment |
| Color Range | Over 20 hues including fashion, pastel, and natural tones |
| Formulation Type | Deposit-only, semi-permanent direct dye |
| Infused Ingredients | Keratin, coconut oil, shea butter, rose hip oil, jojoba oil, almond oil |
| Size | 12 oz (355 ml) |
| Usage Benefits | Enhances color vibrancy, tones unwanted color, replenishes hair, extends color between salon visits |
That rich, deep merlot hue from the Keracolor Clenditioner instantly caught my eye—it’s the kind of color that looks glossy and vibrant right after application. What really impressed me is how smoothly it glides onto damp hair, turning into a creamy, easy-to-apply treatment.
No mess, no fuss—just a rich color deposit that feels nourishing as you go.
Using this product, I noticed my hair felt surprisingly soft afterward, thanks to the blend of keratin, coconut oil, and shea butter. It’s comforting to know that rather than damaging my hair, it’s actually replenishing and toning in one step.
Plus, the subtle scent is pleasant without being overpowering.
What I love is that it doesn’t just dye your hair; it also extends the life of your color between salon visits. The semi-permanent nature means I can switch up my look often without fear of damage.
And the fact that it’s cruelty-free and free from sulfates, parabens, and gluten makes me feel good about using it regularly.
That said, if you’re looking for a super long-lasting color, this isn’t it. The effect is vibrant but fades after several washes, which is expected for a semi-permanent.
Also, the color deposit is quite subtle on darker hair, so you might need multiple applications for a more dramatic change.
What Defines the Best Conditioning Hair Color Treatment?
The best conditioning hair color treatments are defined by their ability to enhance color while simultaneously nourishing and repairing the hair.
- Moisturizing Ingredients: Look for treatments that include hydrating components such as argan oil, shea butter, or coconut oil. These ingredients help to maintain the hair’s moisture balance, preventing dryness and promoting a healthy shine.
- Color-Depositing Technology: The best treatments often utilize advanced color-depositing technology that allows for vibrant, long-lasting color. This technology ensures that the color penetrates the hair shaft effectively, reducing fading and enhancing overall vibrancy.
- Protein Enrichment: Treatments that include proteins like keratin or silk protein are ideal as they strengthen the hair structure. This added protein helps repair damage from previous coloring processes while also improving elasticity and reducing breakage.
- Low pH Formulation: A low pH formula is crucial as it helps to maintain the hair’s natural acidity, which can be disrupted by chemical processes. This feature not only helps to seal the hair cuticle but also enhances the overall smoothness and manageability of the hair.
- Free from Harsh Chemicals: The best conditioning hair color treatments are typically free from sulfates, parabens, and ammonia. These harsh chemicals can strip the hair of its natural oils and lead to dryness, so opting for gentler formulations can significantly improve hair health.
- Customizable Shades: Treatments that offer a range of customizable shades allow users to achieve their desired color while still providing conditioning benefits. This personalization ensures that individuals can find the perfect match for their hair type and color preferences without compromising on care.
How Do These Treatments Enhance Hair Health?
The best conditioning hair color treatments enhance hair health through various mechanisms.
- Hydrating Ingredients: These treatments often contain natural oils and humectants that deeply moisturize the hair shaft. Ingredients like argan oil or aloe vera help to retain moisture, leaving the hair softer and more manageable.
- Color-Depositing Technology: Many conditioning treatments use color-depositing agents that provide a semi-permanent color while simultaneously nourishing the hair. This dual action minimizes damage associated with traditional dyeing methods, helping to maintain the hair’s natural luster.
- Protein Infusion: Protein-rich formulations are designed to strengthen hair by repairing damage and reducing breakage. Keratin and silk proteins help fortify the hair structure, making it more resilient to styling and environmental stressors.
- pH Balancing: The best conditioning hair color treatments often have a balanced pH that helps to close the hair cuticle after coloring. This sealing action enhances shine and reduces frizz, contributing to healthier-looking hair overall.
- Vitamins and Nutrients: These treatments frequently include vitamins such as B5 and E, which promote scalp health and encourage hair growth. By nourishing the hair follicles, these vitamins play a crucial role in maintaining vibrant and healthy hair.
What Should You Look for in the Ingredients of Conditioning Hair Color?
When selecting the best conditioning hair color treatment, it’s crucial to pay attention to specific ingredients that promote hair health and color vibrancy.
- Natural Oils: Look for oils like argan, coconut, or jojoba oil, which provide deep hydration and nourishment to the hair. These oils help to seal moisture, reduce frizz, and enhance shine, making your hair look healthier after coloring.
- Amino Acids: Ingredients such as keratin and other amino acids are essential for strengthening hair strands. They help repair damage from previous treatments and maintain the structural integrity of the hair, ensuring it remains resilient after coloring.
- Hydrating Agents: Ingredients like glycerin and aloe vera are excellent for locking in moisture. They prevent dryness and brittleness that can occur with chemical treatments, ensuring that the hair stays soft and manageable.
- Color Protectants: Look for ingredients that offer UV protection or antioxidants, which can help maintain the vibrancy of your color. These protectants shield hair from environmental stressors, preventing fading and damage from sun exposure.
- pH Balancers: A balanced pH is important for maintaining hair health and color longevity. Ingredients that help to balance the pH can prevent the hair cuticle from becoming too open or closed, reducing the risk of color loss and damage.
- Vitamins and Nutrients: Vitamins like B5 (panthenol) and E are beneficial for overall hair health. They provide nourishment, promote shine, and can even help with scalp health, ensuring a better environment for hair growth.
What Are the Key Benefits of Conditioning Hair Color Treatments?
The key benefits of conditioning hair color treatments include improved hair health, vibrant color, and enhanced manageability.
- Moisture Retention: Conditioning hair color treatments are formulated with moisturizing agents that help retain hydration in the hair. This is crucial as coloring can often strip the hair of its natural moisture, leading to dryness and brittleness.
- Enhanced Color Longevity: These treatments not only color the hair but also embed conditioning properties that help maintain the vibrancy and richness of the color for a longer period. By protecting the hair cuticle, they minimize color fading caused by environmental factors and washing.
- Reduced Damage: The conditioning elements in these treatments work to strengthen the hair structure, thereby reducing the risk of damage during the coloring process. This results in healthier hair that is less prone to breakage and split ends.
- Improved Shine: Conditioning hair color treatments often contain ingredients that enhance the natural shine of the hair. This added luster makes the color appear more vibrant and appealing, transforming dull, lifeless hair into a radiant glow.
- Ease of Styling: By conditioning the hair while coloring, these treatments improve the overall manageability of the hair. This means easier combing and styling, leading to a more polished look without excessive effort.
- Scalp Nourishment: Some conditioning hair color treatments include ingredients that soothe and nourish the scalp, which can often become irritated during the coloring process. This added benefit results in a more comfortable experience and promotes a healthier scalp environment.
How Do They Compare to Regular Hair Color in Terms of Hair Care?
| Aspect | Conditioning Hair Color Treatment | Regular Hair Color |
|---|---|---|
| Hair Damage | Less damaging due to added conditioners and gentler chemicals. | Can cause more damage, especially with frequent use and harsh chemicals. |
| Moisture Retention | Helps retain moisture and nourish hair, improving overall health. | May dry out hair, requiring additional moisturizing products post-treatment. |
| Application Process | Typically easier with more forgiving application times and less risk of uneven results. | Often requires precision and can lead to uneven color if not applied carefully. |
| Longevity of Color | Typically lasts for a shorter duration, often requiring more frequent applications. | Generally lasts longer, with results that can extend several weeks or more. |
| Repairing Properties | Often includes ingredients aimed at repairing and strengthening hair. | Usually lacks added benefits for repair, focusing primarily on color. |
| Cost Comparison | Usually priced higher per application but may reduce the need for additional hair care products. | Generally less expensive but may require additional investment in hair care products to maintain health. |
| Color Range | May have a more limited color range compared to traditional hair dyes. | Offers a wider variety of shades and tones. |
Are There Specific Hair Types That Benefit Most from Conditioning Treatments?
Several specific hair types greatly benefit from conditioning treatments, especially in the context of coloring.
- Curly Hair: Curly hair tends to be drier and more prone to frizz due to its structure, which makes it harder for natural oils to travel down the hair shaft. Conditioning treatments help to hydrate and define curls, leading to improved elasticity and reduced breakage.
- Color-Treated Hair: Hair that has undergone chemical coloring can become damaged and lose moisture, making it essential to use conditioning treatments that restore hydration and repair the hair cuticle. These treatments often contain ingredients that help to lock in color and prevent fading while making the hair softer and more manageable.
- Coarse Hair: Coarse hair is usually thicker and may require more moisture to avoid feeling rough or brittle. Conditioning treatments designed for coarse hair typically include heavy emollients that penetrate deeply and provide lasting hydration, making the hair smoother and easier to style.
- Damaged Hair: Hair that has been subjected to heat styling, chemical treatments, or environmental stressors can appear lifeless and fragile. Conditioning treatments can help to repair damage by replenishing lost proteins and moisture, often using ingredients like keratin or amino acids to restore strength and shine.
- Fine Hair: While fine hair may not need as much moisture as other types, it can still benefit from lightweight conditioning treatments that prevent tangling and static without weighing it down. These treatments often focus on enhancing volume and shine, ensuring the hair looks healthy without losing its natural body.
How Can You Properly Select the Right Conditioning Hair Color for Your Needs?
Selecting the right conditioning hair color treatment involves considering several key factors to ensure you achieve the desired results while maintaining hair health.
- Understand Your Hair Type: Knowing your hair type—whether it’s straight, wavy, curly, or coily—can influence the effectiveness of a conditioning hair color treatment. Different formulations are designed to cater to specific hair textures, ensuring better absorption and results.
- Choose the Right Shade: It’s essential to select a shade that complements your skin tone and natural hair color. Opting for a color that enhances your features while being realistic can lead to a more flattering look and reduce the need for frequent touch-ups.
- Consider the Ingredients: Look for hair color treatments that contain nourishing ingredients like oils, proteins, and vitamins. These components not only help in coloring but also provide hydration and repair, helping to maintain the health and vitality of your hair.
- Assess Your Hair’s Condition: Evaluate the current state of your hair before choosing a treatment; if your hair is damaged or overly processed, you may need a gentler, more conditioning formula. Treatments designed for damaged hair often include added moisture and restorative properties that can help improve overall health.
- Evaluate Application Ease: Some conditioning hair color treatments are easier to apply than others, especially for at-home use. Consider whether you prefer a product that requires multiple steps or one that is a straightforward, single-step application for convenience.
- Read Product Reviews: Researching user reviews can provide insights into the effectiveness and satisfaction level of different products. Look for feedback on color longevity, conditioning benefits, and overall results from those who have similar hair types and needs as yours.
What Are the Essential Factors to Consider When Choosing?
When selecting the best conditioning hair color treatment, several essential factors should be considered to ensure both hair health and desired results.
- Hair Type: Understanding your specific hair type (curly, straight, fine, or thick) is crucial as different formulations cater to varying needs. For instance, a treatment designed for fine hair may not provide the necessary moisture for thick, coarse hair.
- Color Choice: The color of the treatment should not only match your desired look but also complement your skin tone. Opting for shades that enhance your natural complexion can create a more harmonious appearance.
- Ingredients: Look for nourishing ingredients such as oils, proteins, and vitamins that contribute to hair health. Avoid treatments with harsh chemicals that can damage hair or lead to irritation, as these can counteract the benefits of conditioning.
- Longevity of Color: Consider how long the color is expected to last, as some treatments are temporary while others may offer semi-permanent or permanent results. Choosing a product with the right longevity for your lifestyle can help minimize maintenance and upkeep.
- Conditioning Properties: Evaluate the conditioning benefits of the treatment; some formulas provide deep hydration while others may focus on shine or smoothness. A good conditioning treatment should enhance the texture of your hair while delivering the desired color.
- Allergies and Sensitivities: Always check for potential allergens in the product, especially if you have sensitive skin or known allergies. Patch testing a small area before full application can help prevent adverse reactions.
- Brand Reputation: Research the brand’s reputation and read reviews from other users to gauge the effectiveness of the treatment. A well-reviewed product from a trusted brand is often a safer choice for achieving the best results.
How Do You Effectively Apply Conditioning Hair Color Treatments?
To effectively apply conditioning hair color treatments, it’s important to follow specific steps and techniques to ensure optimal results.
- Preparation: Before applying the treatment, ensure your hair is clean and dry. This helps the color to adhere better and allows the conditioning ingredients to penetrate the hair shaft more effectively.
- Strand Test: Conduct a strand test by applying the treatment to a small section of hair. This allows you to see the final color result and check for any allergic reactions before applying it all over.
- Sectioning Hair: Divide your hair into manageable sections using clips. This makes it easier to apply the color evenly and ensures that no strands are missed during the process.
- Application Method: Use a brush or applicator bottle to apply the treatment, beginning at the roots and working your way to the ends. This technique ensures that the color is distributed evenly and reduces the risk of patchiness.
- Timing: Follow the recommended processing time on the product instructions. Leaving the treatment on for too long can lead to unwanted results, while not enough time may not allow the color to fully develop.
- Rinsing and Conditioning: After the processing time, rinse your hair thoroughly with lukewarm water until the water runs clear. Follow up with a deep conditioner to lock in moisture and enhance the benefits of the conditioning treatment.
- Post-Care: Use sulfate-free shampoos and conditioners to maintain color vibrancy and hydration. Additionally, consider using leave-in conditioners or hair oils to keep your hair nourished and healthy after treatment.
What Are the Common Mistakes to Avoid During Application?
When applying the best conditioning hair color treatment, it’s important to avoid several common mistakes that can affect the outcome.
- Skipping the Patch Test: Always perform a patch test before coloring to check for allergic reactions. This small test can prevent severe skin irritations or allergic responses that may occur from the chemicals in the hair color.
- Not Reading Instructions Carefully: Each product may have specific application guidelines that differ from others. Failing to follow these instructions can lead to uneven color results or damage to your hair.
- Applying on Dirty Hair: Most conditioning hair color treatments work best on clean, dry hair. Oils and product residue can interfere with color absorption, leading to patchy or dull results.
- Ignoring the Recommended Processing Time: Leaving the color on for too long or not long enough can affect the vibrancy and longevity of the color. Adhering to the recommended processing time ensures optimal results without compromising hair health.
- Overusing Product: Using more product than necessary can lead to buildup and may not enhance color results. It’s essential to use the right amount to ensure even coverage and avoid weighing down your hair.
- Neglecting Aftercare: Post-color treatment care is crucial for maintaining the health and vibrancy of your hair. Using the right sulfate-free shampoos and conditioners can help prolong color life and keep hair moisturized.
- Not Using Gloves: Applying hair color without gloves can lead to stained hands and potential irritation. Gloves not only protect your skin but also ensure a cleaner application process.
- Choosing the Wrong Shade: Selecting a color that is too far from your natural shade can lead to an unnatural look. It’s important to consider your skin tone and natural hair color to achieve a flattering result.